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4. Questions - Got a question about Franconia then search the Forums, FAQ's, Blogs etc. Don't be afraid to ask .....
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6. Returns - still worried that even after all of the above your Franconia wont be what you want? Check out the returns policy. There is so much competition now that someone, somewhere is bound to offer the terms that you are comfortable with.
7. Feedback - happy with your Franconia then let people know, after all you are depending on others people input in your buying decision, so why not give a little back.
8. Security - check for the yellow padlock on the Franconia site before you buy, and the s after http:/ /i.e. https:// = a secure site
9. Contact - got a question about Franconia, or want to leave a comment then check out the sites contact page. Reputable companies have them and respond.
10. Payment - ready to pay for your Franconia, then use your credit card or PayPal! Be aware of companies that don't accept them, there may be genuine reasons but given the huge amount of choice you have when buying online there is no reason at all not to buy via credit card or PayPal.
Franconia (German language:
Franken) is an historic region in modern
Germany, which today forms three administrative regions of the States of Germany of Bavaria:
Lower Franconia (
Unterfranken), Middle Franconia (
Mittelfranken), and
Upper Franconia (
Oberfranken).
Though its area has shifted over the years as is typical of historic places in the Germanies, Franconia was one of the five original
stem duchy that grew up in the Holy Roman Empire in the late 9th and early 10th centuries. The tribal nature of region consisted in that it contained the Frankish territories east of the
Rhine. Its chief cities were Mainz, Speyer, and
Worms, Germany (west of the Rhine).
Duchy of Franconia
at the beginning of the
Salic dynasty.Sometime around 906,
Conrad I of Germany of the
Conradine dynasty succeeded in establishing his ducal hegemony over Franconia. At the failure of the direct Carolingian male line in 911, Conrad was acclaimed
List of German Kings and Emperors, largely because of his weak position in his own duchy. Franconia, like Duchy of Swabia, was not as united as Duchy of Saxony or Duchy of Bavaria and the position of duke was often disputed between the chief families.
Conrad had granted Franconia to his brother Eberhard of Franconia on his succession; but when Eberhard rebelled against
Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor in 938, he was deposed from his duchy, and, rather than appoint a new duke from his own circle, Otto divided the threatening power of the duchy among the great ecclesiastics with and through whom he ruled, who had remained faithful to his cause: the Bishop of Würzburg and the Abbot of Fulda (939). They were later joined (1008) by a new bishopric erected on former ducal territory: Diocese of Bamberg.
Thenceforth the great abbeys and episcopal seats that Saint Boniface and his successors had established in southwestern Germany had a monopoly on temporal office in Franconia, on a par with the counts of lands further west. They had another virtue in the Ottonian scheme: as celibates they were less likely to establish hereditary lineages. By contrast, Otto's son-in-law, Conrad the Red, whom he had installed as Duke of Lorraine in 944, extended his power base in Franconia.
Divided Franconia
In the High Middle Ages, Franconia came to be divided into two distinct regions, though these regions were not coherent territories with distinct governments. Rather, they were culturally different regions which came to be dominated by different political and religious forces and thus came under the
de facto "rule" of different bodies.
Rhenish Franconia
Rhenish Franconia (
Rheinfranken) was the western half of Franconia, immediately east of the Rhine. It was the heartland of the Salian dynasty, which provided four emperors in the 11th and 12th centuries: Conrad II, Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor,
Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, and
Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor. Rhenish Franconia contained the ancient cities of Mainz, Speyer, and Worms, the latter two being countships within the hands of the descendants of Conrad the Red (the Salians). These counts were sometimes referred to informally, on account of the great power in the region, as dukes of Franconia.
Rhenish Franconia was actually governed, however, as a constellation of small states, like the
free cities (Frankfurt am Main and Worms), the bishoprics (Mainz, Speyer, and Worms), and the Landgraviate of Hesse. Alongside these powerful entities there were many smaller, petty states. In 1093, the Salian Franconian territories were granted as a
fief to the Count Palatine of Aachen, a territory that would evolve into the important German principality of the Electoral Palatinate. In this way, Rhenish Franconia was divided and extinguished.
Eastern Franconia
In 1115, Henry V awarded the territory of Eastern Franconia (
Ostfranken) to his nephew
Conrad III of Germany, who used the title "Duke of Franconia." Franconia remained a Hohenstaufen power base until 1168, when the Bishop of Würzburg was formally ceded the ducal rights in Eastern Franconia. The name "Franconia" fell out of usage, but the bishop revived it in his own favour in 1442 and held it until the reforms of
Napoleon Bonaparte abolished it. It should be noted that the Bishop of Würzburg was the Duke
in Franconia (
Herzog in Franken) rather than the Duke
of Franconia (
Herzog von Franken) during this time.
Modern Franconia
In 1803, Napoleon incorporated Eastern Franconia into Bavaria, to which it still belongs today. Culturally it is in many ways different from Bavaria proper, however. The ancient name was resurrected in 1837 by Ludwig I of Bavaria. During the Nazi period, Bavaria was broken up into several different
Gau (country subdivision), including Franconia and
Main-Franconia.
While
Old Bavaria is overwhelmingly
Roman Catholic, Franconia is a mixed area. Lower Franconia and the western half of Upper Franconia (Bamberg,
Lichtenfels,
Kronach) is predominantly Catholic, while most of Middle and the eastern half of Upper Franconia (Bayreuth,
Hof, Kulmbach) are predominantly Protestantism. The city of Fürth in Middle Franconia historically (before 1933–1938) had a large Jewish population;
Henry Kissinger was born there.
The dialect East Franconian German is very different from the
Austro-Bavarian language. Most Franconians do not call themselves Bavarians, but their insistence on this point is generally a lighthearted matter in modern times. In fact, Franconians will most likely take umbrage at insults directed at Bavaria. Even if there is no Franconian state, red and white are regarded as state colours (
Landesfarben) of Franconia.
See also
External links
References
- Timothy Reuter. Germany in the Early Middle Ages 800–1056. New York: Longman, 1991. ISBN 0-582-49034-0
- Norman Cantor, The Civilization of the Middle Ages. 1993. ISBN 0-06-017033-6
Franconia (
German language:
Franken) is an historic region in modern
Germany, which today forms three administrative regions of the
States of Germany of
Bavaria:
Lower Franconia (
Unterfranken), Middle Franconia (
Mittelfranken), and
Upper Franconia (
Oberfranken).
Though its area has shifted over the years as is typical of historic places in the Germanies, Franconia was one of the five original
stem duchy that grew up in the Holy Roman Empire in the late 9th and early 10th centuries. The tribal nature of region consisted in that it contained the Frankish territories east of the
Rhine. Its chief cities were
Mainz, Speyer, and
Worms, Germany (west of the Rhine).
Duchy of Franconia
at the beginning of the
Salic dynasty.Sometime around 906,
Conrad I of Germany of the Conradine dynasty succeeded in establishing his ducal hegemony over Franconia. At the failure of the direct Carolingian male line in 911, Conrad was acclaimed
List of German Kings and Emperors, largely because of his weak position in his own duchy. Franconia, like
Duchy of Swabia, was not as united as Duchy of Saxony or Duchy of Bavaria and the position of duke was often disputed between the chief families.
Conrad had granted Franconia to his brother Eberhard of Franconia on his succession; but when Eberhard rebelled against
Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor in 938, he was deposed from his duchy, and, rather than appoint a new duke from his own circle, Otto divided the threatening power of the duchy among the great ecclesiastics with and through whom he ruled, who had remained faithful to his cause: the Bishop of Würzburg and the Abbot of Fulda (939). They were later joined (1008) by a new bishopric erected on former ducal territory: Diocese of Bamberg.
Thenceforth the great abbeys and episcopal seats that
Saint Boniface and his successors had established in southwestern Germany had a monopoly on temporal office in Franconia, on a par with the counts of lands further west. They had another virtue in the Ottonian scheme: as celibates they were less likely to establish hereditary lineages. By contrast, Otto's son-in-law,
Conrad the Red, whom he had installed as Duke of Lorraine in 944, extended his power base in Franconia.
Divided Franconia
In the
High Middle Ages, Franconia came to be divided into two distinct regions, though these regions were not coherent territories with distinct governments. Rather, they were culturally different regions which came to be dominated by different political and religious forces and thus came under the
de facto "rule" of different bodies.
Rhenish Franconia
Rhenish Franconia (
Rheinfranken) was the western half of Franconia, immediately east of the Rhine. It was the heartland of the Salian dynasty, which provided four emperors in the 11th and 12th centuries:
Conrad II, Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor, Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, and Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor. Rhenish Franconia contained the ancient cities of Mainz, Speyer, and Worms, the latter two being countships within the hands of the descendants of Conrad the Red (the Salians). These counts were sometimes referred to informally, on account of the great power in the region, as dukes of Franconia.
Rhenish Franconia was actually governed, however, as a constellation of small states, like the
free cities (
Frankfurt am Main and Worms), the bishoprics (Mainz, Speyer, and Worms), and the
Landgraviate of Hesse. Alongside these powerful entities there were many smaller, petty states. In 1093, the Salian Franconian territories were granted as a
fief to the
Count Palatine of Aachen, a territory that would evolve into the important German principality of the Electoral Palatinate. In this way, Rhenish Franconia was divided and extinguished.
Eastern Franconia
In 1115, Henry V awarded the territory of Eastern Franconia (
Ostfranken) to his nephew Conrad III of Germany, who used the title "Duke of Franconia." Franconia remained a Hohenstaufen power base until 1168, when the Bishop of Würzburg was formally ceded the ducal rights in Eastern Franconia. The name "Franconia" fell out of usage, but the bishop revived it in his own favour in 1442 and held it until the reforms of
Napoleon Bonaparte abolished it. It should be noted that the Bishop of Würzburg was the Duke
in Franconia (
Herzog in Franken) rather than the Duke
of Franconia (
Herzog von Franken) during this time.
Modern Franconia
In 1803, Napoleon incorporated Eastern Franconia into Bavaria, to which it still belongs today. Culturally it is in many ways different from Bavaria proper, however. The ancient name was resurrected in 1837 by
Ludwig I of Bavaria. During the
Nazi period, Bavaria was broken up into several different Gau (country subdivision), including Franconia and
Main-Franconia.
While Old Bavaria is overwhelmingly
Roman Catholic, Franconia is a mixed area. Lower Franconia and the western half of Upper Franconia (Bamberg,
Lichtenfels, Kronach) is predominantly Catholic, while most of Middle and the eastern half of Upper Franconia (
Bayreuth,
Hof, Kulmbach) are predominantly
Protestantism. The city of Fürth in Middle Franconia historically (before 1933–1938) had a large
Jewish population; Henry Kissinger was born there.
The dialect
East Franconian German is very different from the Austro-Bavarian language. Most Franconians do not call themselves Bavarians, but their insistence on this point is generally a lighthearted matter in modern times. In fact, Franconians will most likely take umbrage at insults directed at Bavaria. Even if there is no Franconian state, red and white are regarded as state colours (
Landesfarben) of Franconia.
See also
External links
References
- Timothy Reuter. Germany in the Early Middle Ages 800–1056. New York: Longman, 1991. ISBN 0-582-49034-0
- Norman Cantor, The Civilization of the Middle Ages. 1993. ISBN 0-06-017033-6
Franconia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Franconia (German: Franken) is a historic region of Germany comprising the northern parts of the modern state of Bavaria and the area to its immediate west.
Franconia, New Hampshire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Franconia is a town in Grafton County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 924 at the 2000 census. Set in the White Mountains, Franconia is home to Franconia Notch ...
Franconia College Pages
A place where students, faculty, staff and friends of the former Franconia College stay connected and carry forward the legacy of the school.
Franconia Township - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Franconia ...
Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Franconia Township. Franconia Township. Information about Franconia Township in the Hutchinson encyclopedia.
Franconia Notch - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Franconia ...
Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Franconia Notch. Franconia Notch. Information about Franconia Notch in the Hutchinson encyclopedia.
Cunard: The Most Famous Ocean Liners In The World
The Franconia and its sister-ship the Laconia were built to replace the Ivernia and Saxonia on the Liverpool to Boston service and to cover for the Lusitania and Mauretania if these ...
Franconia Sculpture Park
F ran conia Sculpture Park works to nurture the artistic growth, creativity and interaction between emerging, mid-career and established sculptors ...
Franconia Sculpture Park
Equal opportunity to participate in and benefit from the programs of Franconia Sculpture Park is provided to all individuals regardless of race ...
Franconia definition of Franconia in the Free Online Encyclopedia.
Encyclopedia article about Franconia. Information about Franconia in the Columbia Encyclopedia, Computer Desktop Encyclopedia, computing dictionary. franconia township
Category:Franconia - Wikimedia Commons
Franconia (German: Franken), an historic region in Germany, now forms three administrative districts of the state of Bavaria: Lower Franconia (Unterfranken), Middle Franconia ...
